【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿，这里小编给大家分享一些，方便大家学习。
为了突出句子的某个部分，我们可以使用强调句式。 常见的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。 It is 被强调部分+ that . 为了突出句子的某个部分，我们可以使用强调句式。
常见的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。
It is 被强调部分+ that + 句子其他部分。
此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。
It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
使用此句型时, 应注意以下几点。
一般情况用It isthat如:
He read three books in the library yesterday.
我们分别可以强调主语、宾语、地点状语和时间状语。如:
It was he whoread three books in the library yesterday.
It was three books that he read in the library yesterday.
It was in the library that he read three books yesterday.
当被强调部分指人时, 可用that, 也可用who; 指物时, 只用that, 如:
It was Tom whoI met last week.
It is a new boke that his brother wants to buy.
强调状语时, 只用that, 不用when、where. 如:
It is at 5 oclock that the train will arrive.
被强调的部分是主语时, 注意句子的谓语动词和被强调的主语保持一致。如:
It is he who is late. It is they that were late.
一般疑问句的强调句为Is it + that? 特殊疑问句为: 特殊疑问词+ is +that?结构。如:
Was it ten years ago that his father died?他的父亲是十年前去世的吗?
When is it that you will set off?你到底什么时候出发?
notuntil句型的强调结构为It is not untilthat应注意把否定词not转移到until前面。如:
I didnt go home until rain stopped. 直到雨停了我才回家。
强调句为: It was not until rain stopped that I went home.
I didnt know the news until yesterday. 直到昨天我才知道那个消息。
强调句为: It was not until yesterday that I knew the news.
原句: My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语: It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语: It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间: It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab.
强调地点: It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
C.倒装句：
英语中主语在前谓语在后的语序称为自然语序。由于语法、修辞的需要谓语置于主语之前，称为全部倒装; 助动词、情态动词等移到主语之前而主要动词仍然在主语之后的，称作半倒装。 全部倒装和半倒装的句子统称倒装句。
Ⅰ.全部倒装
全部倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：
1. here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。例如：
1) There goes the bell. 铃声渐渐消失了。
2) Then came the chairman. 然后主席就来了
3) Here is your letter. 这是你的信。
2. 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。例如：
1) Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机下面发出了一颗导弹。
2) Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如：1) Here he comes. 他来了。 2) Away they went. 他们走了。
Ⅱ.部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。
1. 句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until, scarcely , barely , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly when , no sooner than 等。例如：
1) Never have I seen such a performance. 我从来没看过这样的表演。
2) Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 你在哪儿都不会找到这个问题的答案。
3) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 妈妈直到孩子睡着才离开房间。
4) Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚要出门时有个学生来找她。
注意：当Not until引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。如否定词不在句首不倒装。只有当Not only but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。例如：
Not only you but also I am fond of music. 我和你都喜欢音乐。
2.表示也、也不 的so, neither, nor放在句首时，句子作部分倒装。例如：
1) Tom can speak French. So can Jack. Tom能说法语，我也能。
2) If you wont go, neither will I. 如果你不去，我也不去。
注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为的确如此。例如：
1) Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. Tom让我去踢足球，我去了。
2) ---Its raining hard. ---So it is. ---雨下得很大。 ---的确很大。
3.only放在句首，强调状语，全句语序要部分倒装。例如：
Only in this way, can you learn English well.你只有用这种方法才能学好英语。
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 他被请了三次才来开会。
注意：如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 他只有病得非常严重时才会卧床休息。
Ⅲ.其他部分倒装
1. so that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。例如：
So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得动都不敢动。
2. 在某些表示祝愿的句型中，例如：
May you all be happy. 望大家开心愉快。
3. 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。例如：
Were I you, I would try it again. 如果我是你，我就再试一次。
D. 简单句的五种基本句型：千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的：
1. 主语+谓语 [S + V]
解读：在此句型中，谓语动词是不及物动词，其后没有宾语。有时为了表示动作发生的频率、原因、结果、目的、场所、时间等，可以带状语修饰动词。如：
I work. 我工作。
My head aches.我头疼。
The children are playing happily. 孩子们正在高兴地玩。
2. 主语+谓语+宾语 [S+V+O]
解读：该句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，其后必须跟宾语才能使句意表达完整、准确。宾语可以由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。如：
I finished reading the book. 我读完了这本书。
The Greens enjoy living in China. 格林一家喜欢住在中国。
She studies English. 她学英语。
3. 主语+谓语+表语 [S+V+P]
解读：此句型中的谓语动词是系动词，它本身有一定含义，但不能单独作谓语，它必须和表语一起构成谓语。表语通常由名词、形容词、代词、数词、介词短语及不定式结构等充当。该句型谓语动词为连系动词。常见的系动词有：be; get, become, turn, look, feel, smell, taste, sound, seem 等。如：
My books are on the desk. 我的书在书桌上。
The food seems to be nice. 这食物似乎不错。
He became a famous doctor. 他成为了一名著名的医生。
The apple pie tastes really delicious. 苹果派吃起来真是好吃。
4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 [S+V+InO+DO]
解读：在该句型中，间接宾语有时也可以改成一个由to或for引起的短语，放在直接宾语之后，即构成主语+谓语+直宾+介词+间宾的句型。这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语，既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，但要加介词for或to。如：
Could you pass me the salt? 请你把盐给我好吗?
Uncle Wang made the farmers many machines. 王叔叔给农民们制造了很多机器。
My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me. 我阿姨买给我一台电脑。
I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt to him. 我把盐递给他。
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 [S+V+O+OC]
解读：宾补的作用是说明宾语的动作或状态。它可以由名词、形容词、副词、动词不定式和介词短语等充当。
I ask her to tell the truth.
点击一：使役动词make, let, have等后接不带to的不定式作宾补。如：
He made me work twelve hours a day. 他让我一天工作十二小时。
点击二：感官动词see, hear, watch, feel, notice等后既可接不带to的不定式作宾补，也可用v-ing形式作宾补。前者表示动作已结束，后者表示动作正在发生。试比较：
He saw a girl get on the bus. 他看见一个女孩上车了
He saw a girl getting on the bus. 他看见一个女孩在上车。
在语法的第一讲里，我向各位学员介绍了英语中有关句子的一些基本情况和家族中的一部分成员-----主要是简单句，在今天这一讲里，我将继续给大家介绍句子家族中的另外一些成员并列句和复合句。
A. 并列句：
由两个或两个以上相互不依从的句子构成。并列句的各个分句之前通常用并列连词连接，并列连词前可用逗号，也可不用。其结构为：简单句+并列连词+简单句。
主要并列连词有：and, but, or, for, so, while, however, either...or, neither...nor, not onlybut also, bothand 等
主要并列连词的用法
1 and: 意为和，而且，表示同等关系或递进关系
1 . I went there by train and she went there by plane. 我乘火车去那里的，她乘飞机去那里的。
2 . Her father is a doctor and her mother is a teacher. 她父亲是医生，她母亲是教师。
3 . Tom finished his homework, and they went out to play games. 汤姆做完了作业，他们就出去玩游戏了。
2 but: 意为但是，表示转折关系。
1 . She is very old but she is in good health. 她年纪很大了，但身体很好。
2 . He is poor, but he is happy. 他穷，但是他幸福。
3 . The man shouted to the policemen, but they didnt hear him.
4 . Some people dont like summer, but I quite like it. 有些人不喜欢夏天，但是我很喜欢。
3 or: 意为或者，否则，表示选择关系。
1 . Are you going with us or will you stay at home? 你同我们一起去，还是呆在家里呢?
2 . The students can go swimming or they can go mountain climbing.
学生们可以去游泳，也可以去爬山。
3 . Youd better go by taxi, or you will be late. 你最好乘出租车去，否则要迟到了。
4 for:表示因为，表示因果关系。是前果后因。
1 . He is late for class every day, for he gets up late every day.
2 . We passed the exam, for we studied very hard.
5. so: 因此，也表示因果关系，是前因后果。
1 . He gets up late every day, so he I slate for school every day.
2 . We studied very hard, so we passed the exam.
6. not only...but also意为不但而且，表示同等关系。
1 . Not only can he drive a car, but he can also repair cars. 他不但会开车，而且还会修车。
2 . He was not only a good father, but he was also a good husband. 他不仅是个好父亲，也是个好丈夫。
7. either...or意为不是就是，或者或者，表示选择关系
1 . You can either do it by yourself or you can ask someone else to do it.
你或者自己做这件事，或者请别人做这件事。
2 . Either the teacher didnt explain the sentence clearly, or I didnt understand it.
不是老师没有把这个句子解释清楚，就是我没有理解。
8. neither ...nor意为既不也不，表示选择关系，位于句首时常用倒装结构。
1 . Neither does he like the job nor can he do it well.
2 . Neither did he go to attend the meeting nor did he come to the office.
9. bothand: 两者都。。。表示并列关系
Both Tom and Peter are good at playing football.
10. while: 而。。。表示转折关系。
He is reading a book while his wife is watching TV.
B. 复合句：
复合句是由主句+从句构成，它是英语学习中比较复杂的句子结构。一般来说，英语中一个句子只能有一个谓语，如果出现两个谓语，那么其中一个谓语只能是以从句的形式或并列句或非谓语动词的形式出现。所谓从句是指从属于主句的句子，由从属连词连接。从句的种类有很多，但根据其性质和作用可以分为：名词性从句，形容词性从句，副词性从句三大类。
a. 定语从句这是出现在阅读题型中最多的从句!重要!
定语从句：在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词。
先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词,词组或代词。
关系词：引导定语从句的词;一般紧跟在先行词后引出定语从句。分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如:
Once upon a time, there was a king .
先行词 关系词
For one thing, the tigers were often used in court.
先行词 关系词
There came out a young lady .
先行词 关系词
They would meet on the night .
先行词 关系词
注：括号内句子为定语从句。
2. 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，可以省略。
Behind one door was a hungry tiger the guards had put there.
The tiger would immediately jump upon the poor man the guards had brought to the arena.
3. whose只用作定语,可以用来指人或物; 若指物，它还可以同of which互换, 例如：
