【简介】感谢网友“雕龙文库”参与投稿，这里小编给大家分享一些，方便大家学习。
掌握了gre阅读里的长难句，到了实战演习的时候了。gre阅读练习每日一篇帮助gre考生循序渐进地进行练习和总结。希望gre考生在进行gre阅读练习时，也按着考试时候的时间规定自己的练习，这样才能有效果。
A serious critic has to comprehend the particular content, unique structure, and special meaning of a work of art. And here she faces a dilemma. The critic must recognize the artistic element of uniqueness that requires subjective reaction; yet she must not be unduly prejudiced by such reactions. Her likes and dislikes are less important than what the work itself communicates, and her preferences may blind her to certain qualities of the work and thereby prevent an adequate understanding of it. Hence, it is necessary that a critic develop a sensibility informed by familiarity with the history of art and aesthetic theory. On the other hand, it is insufficient to treat the artwork solely historically, in relation to a fixed set of ideas or values. The critics knowledge and training are, rather, a preparation of the cognitive and emotional abilities needed for an adequate personal response to an artworks own particular qualities.
17. According to the author, a serious art critic may avoid being prejudiced by her subjective reactions if she
treats an artwork in relation to a fixed set of ideas and values
brings to her observation a knowledge of art history and aesthetic theory
allows more time for the observation of each artwork
takes into account the preferences of other art critics
limits herself to that art with which she has adequate familiarity
18. The author implies that it is insufficient to treat a work of art solely historically because
doing so would lead the critic into a dilemma
doing so can blind the critic to some of the artworks unique qualities
doing so can insulate the critic from personally held beliefs
subjective reactions can produce a biased response
critics are not sufficiently familiar with art history
19. The passage suggests that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements?
Art speaks to the passions as well as to the intellect.
Most works of art express unconscious wishes or desires.
The best art is accessible to the greatest number of people.
The art produced in the last few decades is of inferior quality.
The meaning of art is a function of the social conditions in which it was produced.
20. The authors argument is developed primarily by the use of
an attack on sentimentality
an example of successful art criticism
a critique of artists training
a warning against extremes in art criticism
an analogy between art criticism and art production
Viruses, infectious particles consisting of nucleic acid packaged in a protein coat , are difficult to resist. Unable to reproduce outside a living cell, viruses reproduce only by subverting the genetic mechanisms of a host cell. In one kind of viral life cycle , the virus first binds to the cells surface, then penetrates the cell and sheds its capsid. The exposed viral nucleic acid produces new viruses from the contents of the cell. Finally, the cell releases the viral progeny, and a new cell cycle of infection begins. The human body responds to a viral infection by producing antibodies: complex, highly specific proteins that selectively bind to foreign molecules such as viruses. An antibody can either interfere with a viruss ability to bind to a cell, or can prevent it from releasing its nucleic acid.
Unfortunately, the common cold , produced most often by rhinoviruses, is intractable to antiviral defense. Humans have difficulty resisting colds because rhinoviruses are so diverse, including at least 100 strains. The strains differ most in the molecular structure of the proteins in their capsids. Since disease-fighting antibodies bind to the capsid, an antibody developed to protect against one rhinovirus strain is useless against other strains. Different antibodies must be produced for each strain.
A defense against rhinoviruses might nonetheless succeed by exploiting hidden similarities among the rhinovirus strains. For example, most rhinovirus strains bind to the same kind of molecule on a cells surface when they attack human cells. Colonno, taking advantage of these common receptors, devised a strategy for blocking the attachment of rhinoviruses to their appropriate receptors. Rather than fruitlessly searching for an antibody that would bind to all rhinoviruses, Colonno realized that an antibody binding to the common receptors of a human cell would prevent rhinoviruses from initiating an infection. Because human cells normally do not develop antibodies to components of their own cells, Colonno injected human cells into mice, which did produce an antibody to the common receptor. In isolated human cells, this antibody proved to be extraordinarily effective at thwarting the rhinovirus. Moreover, when the antibody was given to chimpanzees, it inhibited rhinoviral growth, and in humans it lessened both the severity and duration of cold symptoms.
Another possible defense against rhinoviruses was proposed by Rossman, who described rhinoviruses detailed molecular structure. Rossman showed that protein sequences common to all rhinovirus strains lie at the base of a deep canyon scoring each face of the capsid. The narrow opening of this canyon possibly prevents the relatively large antibody molecules from binding to the common sequence, but smaller molecules might reach it. Among these smaller, nonantibody molecules, some might bind to the common sequence, lock the nucleic acid in its coat, and thereby prevent the virus from reproducing.
21. The primary purpose of the passage is to
discuss viral mechanisms and possible ways of circumventing certain kinds of those mechanisms
challenge recent research on how rhinoviruses bind to receptors on the surfaces of cells
suggest future research on rhinoviral growth in chimpanzees
defend a controversial research program whose purpose is to discover the molecular structure of rhinovirus capsids
evaluate a dispute between advocates of two theories about the rhinovirus life cycle
22. It can be inferred from the passage that the protein sequences of the capsid that vary most among strains of rhinovirus are those
at the base of the canyon
outside of the canyon
responsible for producing nucleic acid
responsible for preventing the formation of delta-receptors
preventing the capsid from releasing its nucleic acid
23. It can be inferred from the passage that a cell lacking delta-receptors will be
unable to prevent the rhinoviral nucleic acid from shedding its capsid
defenseless against most strains of rhinovirus
unable to release the viral progeny it develops after infection
protected from new infections by antibodies to the rhinovirus
resistant to infection by most strains of rhinovirus
24. Which of the following research strategies for developing a defense against the common cold would the author be likely to find most promising?
Continuing to look for a general antirhinoviral antibody
Searching for common cell-surface receptors in humans and mice
Continuing to look for similarities among the various strains of rhinovirus
Discovering how the human body produces antibodies in response to a rhinoviral infection
Determining the detailed molecular structure of the nucleic acid of a rhinovirus
25. It can be inferred from the passage that the purpose of Colonnos experiments was to determine whether
chimpanzees and humans can both be infected by rhinoviruses
chimpanzees can produce antibodies to human cell-surface receptors
a rhinovirus nucleic acid might be locked in its protein coat
binding antibodies to common receptors could produce a possible defense against rhinoviruses
rhinoviruses are vulnerable to human antibodies
26. According to the passage, Rossmans research suggests that
a defense against rhinoviruses might exploit structural similarities among the strains of rhinovirus
human cells normally do not develop antibodies to components of their own cells
the various strains of rhinovirus differ in their ability to bind to the surface of a host cell
rhinovirus versatility can work to the benefit of researchers trying to find a useful antibody
Colonnos research findings are probably invalid
27. According to the passage, in order for a given antibody to bind to a given rhinoviral capsid, which of the following must be true?
The capsid must have a deep canyon on each of its faces.
The antibody must be specific to the molecular structure of the particular capsid.
The capsid must separate from its nucleic acid before binding to an antibody.
The antibody must bind to a particular cell-surface receptor before it can bind to a rhinovirus.
The antibody must first enter a cell containing the particular rhinovirus.
掌握了gre阅读里的长难句，到了实战演习的时候了。gre阅读练习每日一篇帮助gre考生循序渐进地进行练习和总结。希望gre考生在进行gre阅读练习时，也按着考试时候的时间规定自己的练习，这样才能有效果。
A serious critic has to comprehend the particular content, unique structure, and special meaning of a work of art. And here she faces a dilemma. The critic must recognize the artistic element of uniqueness that requires subjective reaction; yet she must not be unduly prejudiced by such reactions. Her likes and dislikes are less important than what the work itself communicates, and her preferences may blind her to certain qualities of the work and thereby prevent an adequate understanding of it. Hence, it is necessary that a critic develop a sensibility informed by familiarity with the history of art and aesthetic theory. On the other hand, it is insufficient to treat the artwork solely historically, in relation to a fixed set of ideas or values. The critics knowledge and training are, rather, a preparation of the cognitive and emotional abilities needed for an adequate personal response to an artworks own particular qualities.
17. According to the author, a serious art critic may avoid being prejudiced by her subjective reactions if she
treats an artwork in relation to a fixed set of ideas and values
brings to her observation a knowledge of art history and aesthetic theory
allows more time for the observation of each artwork
takes into account the preferences of other art critics
limits herself to that art with which she has adequate familiarity
18. The author implies that it is insufficient to treat a work of art solely historically because
doing so would lead the critic into a dilemma
doing so can blind the critic to some of the artworks unique qualities
doing so can insulate the critic from personally held beliefs
subjective reactions can produce a biased response
critics are not sufficiently familiar with art history
19. The passage suggests that the author would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements?
Art speaks to the passions as well as to the intellect.
Most works of art express unconscious wishes or desires.
The best art is accessible to the greatest number of people.
The art produced in the last few decades is of inferior quality.
The meaning of art is a function of the social conditions in which it was produced.
20. The authors argument is developed primarily by the use of
an attack on sentimentality
an example of successful art criticism
a critique of artists training
a warning against extremes in art criticism
an analogy between art criticism and art production
Viruses, infectious particles consisting of nucleic acid packaged in a protein coat , are difficult to resist. Unable to reproduce outside a living cell, viruses reproduce only by subverting the genetic mechanisms of a host cell. In one kind of viral life cycle , the virus first binds to the cells surface, then penetrates the cell and sheds its capsid. The exposed viral nucleic acid produces new viruses from the contents of the cell. Finally, the cell releases the viral progeny, and a new cell cycle of infection begins. The human body responds to a viral infection by producing antibodies: complex, highly specific proteins that selectively bind to foreign molecules such as viruses. An antibody can either interfere with a viruss ability to bind to a cell, or can prevent it from releasing its nucleic acid.
Unfortunately, the common cold , produced most often by rhinoviruses, is intractable to antiviral defense. Humans have difficulty resisting colds because rhinoviruses are so diverse, including at least 100 strains. The strains differ most in the molecular structure of the proteins in their capsids. Since disease-fighting antibodies bind to the capsid, an antibody developed to protect against one rhinovirus strain is useless against other strains. Different antibodies must be produced for each strain.
A defense against rhinoviruses might nonetheless succeed by exploiting hidden similarities among the rhinovirus strains. For example, most rhinovirus strains bind to the same kind of molecule on a cells surface when they attack human cells. Colonno, taking advantage of these common receptors, devised a strategy for blocking the attachment of rhinoviruses to their appropriate receptors. Rather than fruitlessly searching for an antibody that would bind to all rhinoviruses, Colonno realized that an antibody binding to the common receptors of a human cell would prevent rhinoviruses from initiating an infection. Because human cells normally do not develop antibodies to components of their own cells, Colonno injected human cells into mice, which did produce an antibody to the common receptor. In isolated human cells, this antibody proved to be extraordinarily effective at thwarting the rhinovirus. Moreover, when the antibody was given to chimpanzees, it inhibited rhinoviral growth, and in humans it lessened both the severity and duration of cold symptoms.
Another possible defense against rhinoviruses was proposed by Rossman, who described rhinoviruses detailed molecular structure. Rossman showed that protein sequences common to all rhinovirus strains lie at the base of a deep canyon scoring each face of the capsid. The narrow opening of this canyon possibly prevents the relatively large antibody molecules from binding to the common sequence, but smaller molecules might reach it. Among these smaller, nonantibody molecules, some might bind to the common sequence, lock the nucleic acid in its coat, and thereby prevent the virus from reproducing.
21. The primary purpose of the passage is to
discuss viral mechanisms and possible ways of circumventing certain kinds of those mechanisms
challenge recent research on how rhinoviruses bind to receptors on the surfaces of cells
suggest future research on rhinoviral growth in chimpanzees
defend a controversial research program whose purpose is to discover the molecular structure of rhinovirus capsids
evaluate a dispute between advocates of two theories about the rhinovirus life cycle
22. It can be inferred from the passage that the protein sequences of the capsid that vary most among strains of rhinovirus are those
at the base of the canyon
outside of the canyon
responsible for producing nucleic acid
responsible for preventing the formation of delta-receptors
preventing the capsid from releasing its nucleic acid
23. It can be inferred from the passage that a cell lacking delta-receptors will be
unable to prevent the rhinoviral nucleic acid from shedding its capsid
defenseless against most strains of rhinovirus
unable to release the viral progeny it develops after infection
protected from new infections by antibodies to the rhinovirus
resistant to infection by most strains of rhinovirus
24. Which of the following research strategies for developing a defense against the common cold would the author be likely to find most promising?
Continuing to look for a general antirhinoviral antibody
Searching for common cell-surface receptors in humans and mice
Continuing to look for similarities among the various strains of rhinovirus
Discovering how the human body produces antibodies in response to a rhinoviral infection
Determining the detailed molecular structure of the nucleic acid of a rhinovirus
25. It can be inferred from the passage that the purpose of Colonnos experiments was to determine whether
chimpanzees and humans can both be infected by rhinoviruses
chimpanzees can produce antibodies to human cell-surface receptors
a rhinovirus nucleic acid might be locked in its protein coat
binding antibodies to common receptors could produce a possible defense against rhinoviruses
rhinoviruses are vulnerable to human antibodies
26. According to the passage, Rossmans research suggests that
a defense against rhinoviruses might exploit structural similarities among the strains of rhinovirus
human cells normally do not develop antibodies to components of their own cells
the various strains of rhinovirus differ in their ability to bind to the surface of a host cell
rhinovirus versatility can work to the benefit of researchers trying to find a useful antibody
Colonnos research findings are probably invalid
27. According to the passage, in order for a given antibody to bind to a given rhinoviral capsid, which of the following must be true?
The capsid must have a deep canyon on each of its faces.
The antibody must be specific to the molecular structure of the particular capsid.
The capsid must separate from its nucleic acid before binding to an antibody.
The antibody must bind to a particular cell-surface receptor before it can bind to a rhinovirus.
The antibody must first enter a cell containing the particular rhinovirus.
